Ram
is the 7th incarnation of
Vishnu and the central figure of the Ramayana epic. The
Ramayan is the very soul of India. It is a complete guide to
God-realization, the path to which lies in righteousness. The
ideals of man are beautifully portrayed in it. Everyone should
emulate those ideals and grow into ideal human beings and ideal
citizens.
Ram
took birth to free the earth from the cruelty and sins of the
demon King Ravana (Ravan). Ravana had practiced austerities
in order to propitiate Shiva and Brahma,
who had granted him immunity from being killed by gods, gandharvas
or demons. One of the gods had to take on a human form in order
to be able to defeat Ravana.
Ram
was born as the first son of Dasharatha, king of Ayodhya. Ram's
mother was Kausilya. Ram
had three brothers : Bharata (Bharat) born from the second wife
Kaikeyi, and Lakshmana (Lakshman) and Shatrughna born from the
third wife Sumitra.
One day Saint Vishwamitra visited Ayodhya and asked
Dashratha to send Ram
and Lakshmana with him because the Yakshini (demon) Tarka -
with her two sons Mareech and Subahu - were terrifying him and
the other saints at his ashram. They were not letting them worship
and meditate. Ram
went with Lakshmana and Vishwamitra to kill Tarka. On the way
to Saint Vishwamitra's ashram there was a dense forest. When
they entered the forest Tarka came to kill them but Ram
killed her and her son Subahu with a weapon given to him by
Vishwamitra. Ram
also shot an arrow at Mareech and threw him 100 yojan far away
Later Ram went with
Saint Vishwamitr to Mithila where the wise King Janak ruled.
King Janak had organized a svayamvaraa (an acient custom wherein
the bride chose her husband of her own accord from amongst a
number of suitors). It was announced that whosoever will bend
the bow of Lord Shiva will marry King Janak's daughter Sita.
Sita was an incarnation of Lakshmi, the consort of Lord Vishnu.
But none of the suitors was able to lift Lord Shiva's bow, except
Ram. Ram lifted the bow with his one hand and bended it so hard
that it even broke.
So
Ram got married to Sita, and his brothers got happily married
to Sita's sisters. After returning and living happily in Ayodhya
the old King Dashrath decided that it was time to give his kingdom
to his beloved son Ram. There Kaikeyi, the third and youngest
wife of the King, claimed the throne for her son Bharat. A long
time before the young Queen had saved the King's life and he
had promised to fulfill her two wishes. Manthara, the crooked
and evil-minded maid-servant of Kaikeyi influenced the queen
to claim her wishes now in favor of her son and to request Dashrath
to banish Ram from the kingdom for fourteen years, and to install
Bharat on the throne instead. The King was shocked, his heart
was broken, but he knew that truth is the highest Dharm, and
that he had to fulfill his promise to his wife. So Ram went
to exile happily, knowing that to obey and serve his father
was the highest duty of a son.
After Ram left to the forest,
Dashrath died from the pangs of separation from his beloved
son Ram. Bharat went to the forest to meet his brother Ram and
to request him to come back to Ayodhya. When Ram refused to
return, in honor of the promise to his father, Bharat took Ram's
"khadau" (wooden sandals) and placed them symbolically on Ayodhya's
throne. Until his brother returned from the exile Bharat served
the kingdom as a true and honest caretaker of Ram.
Once Surpnakha, the sister of Ravana, passed by the
place where Ram was living. She saw Ram and became impressed
by his beauty. She transformed herself into a beautiful lady
and went to Ram and asked him to marry her. When Ram refused
and told her he is already married to Sita, she became angry.
Coming back to her original form she ran towards Sita to kill
her. When Lakshman saw that he cut her nose and one ear. Surpnakha
then send her brother Khardushan with fourteen thousand rakshasas
to avenge her. But all were killed by Ram.
Surpnakha
now sought vengeance through her older brother Ravana, but only
got his interest by pointing out that the beautiful Sita would
be a fitting wife for him. Ravana lured Ram and Lakshman away
from Sita by sending an enchanted deer of extreme beauty and
then took Sita to his kingdom of Lanka. On the way, Jatayu,
a vulture bird and old friend of Ram's father Dashrath, fought
Ravan but was fatally wounded. He lived only long enough to
tell Ram what had happened upon his return.
In Lanka, Ravana tried to threathen Sita into marrying
him, but was rejected again and again.
Meanwhile, Ram
made an alliance with the monkey King Sugreeva, who had been
exiled from his kingdom by his brother Bali. Ram helped Sugreeva
to regain his kingdom and in return Sugreeva raised an army
of monkeys and bears, led by Hanuman.
When they reached the sea, Hanuman flew across. On the way he
had many adventures, which can be found on the Hanuman
page.
In Lanka, Hanuman promised Sita
that help would come soon. When he was then captured by the
rakshasas, Ravana ordered them to set fire to Hanuman's tail,
wrapping it with oily rags. But Hanuman increased the length
of his tail so much that there seemed no end to it. He escaped
and used his burning tail to set fire to all of Lanka.
Meanwhile, Ram's army had
build a huge bridge between Lanka and the mainland. They crossed
the ocean and attacked Ravana's army. During the battle, Lakshmana
was heavily wounded, but he was cured by a magic herb which
Hanuman flew all the way to the Himalayas to obtain. Not finding
the herb at first, Hanuman brought the entire mountain just
to be sure. Finally, all rakshasa generals were killed and the
battle become a single combat between Ravana and Ram. Finally,
Ram killed Ravana with a special weapon given to him by saint
Agastya.
This was a moment of great rejoicing. Ram and Sita
were finally crowned King and Queen of Ayodhya, though people
were doubting that Sita had preserved her virtue while being
Ravana's captive, which is another story in itself.